Functions and Location
Facet joints are located between adjacent vertebrae and serve to allow mobility of the spinal column. Every vertebra has two pairs of these joints on its rear side. One facing up and the other facing down. These act like door hinges that join the vertebrae together.
Each joint is encased in connective tissue that creates a solution for lubrication. Cartilage covers the outside of the facet joint, allowing the vertebrae to move in conjunction with those adjoining it. The movement provides spinal flexion, extension, and rotation to varying degrees at levels including:
- cervical (neck),
- thoracic (torso), and
- lumbar (low back)
Facet joints also act as spinal column stabilizers. However, like other parts of the spine, they are prone to eventually break down due to wear and tear.
Some of the causes of facet joint problems include:
- Normal degeneration with aging
- Consistent pressure overload
- Traumatic injury
In these cases, cartilage disintegrates and may completely disappear. Consequently, this triggers the bone of the underlying joint to outgrow its appropriate area. Inflammation then begins, frequently generating significant pain with movement. This condition is known as Facet Joint Syndrome.
Often, CT scans and X-rays are the most useful tools in diagnosing facet joint problems. An MRI may be beneficial to help discover contributing conditions. However, it is not as helpful with detecting specific facet joint issues. Facet joint injections or blocks, consisting of x-ray contrast and medication, are often the most certain means of confirmation.
Conservative care such as pain medication, exercise and postural training with a physical therapist. Additionally, hot and cold treatments, chiropractic manipulation, and activity modification provide pain relief. Fortunately for most individuals, these measures effectively manage the problem. Moreover, other procedures like sacroiliac block injections and facet rhizotomy can give longer-lasting results. If surgery is necessary, spinal fusion is usually the best option.
Have you have experienced facet joint problems and would like to learn about our treatment choices from one of our specialists? Please contact Spine Center of Texas in our Seguin or New Braunfels offices.